One Step Beyond

Developmental Biology: Cell Intercalation One Step beyond

Formation of the primitive streak, the equivalent of the blastopore, is a critical step during the early development of amniote embryos. Medio-lateral cell intercalation and the planar cell polarity pathway play a role during this earliest step of gastrulation in the chick embryo.

One step beyond: Different step-to-step transitions exist during continuous contact brachiation in siamangs

In brachiation, two main gaits are distinguished, ricochetal brachiation and continuous contact brachiation. During ricochetal brachiation, a flight phase exists and the body centre of mass (bCOM) describes a parabolic trajectory. For continuous contact brachiation, where at least one hand is always in contact with the substrate, we showed in an earlier paper that four step-to-step transition t...

One step forward

One step beyond: glutathione peroxidase and endothelial dysfunction.

Much evidence supports the role of increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. The increased activity and expression of the reduced nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase observed in hypertensive populations have implicated the superoxide anion as one of the main species responsible. This view has been sup...

Beyond the One Step Greedy Approach in Reinforcement Learning

The famous Policy Iteration algorithm alternates between policy improvement and policy evaluation. Implementations of this algorithm with several variants of the latter evaluation stage, e.g, n-step and trace-based returns, have been analyzed in previous works. However, the case of multiple-step lookahead policy improvement, despite the recent increase in empirical evidence of its strength, has...